Ibintu bigoye, nk'ubwiyongere bw'ingufu zikenerwa ku isi, ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya peteroli n'ibibazo by'ikirere, byatumye ibihugu byinshi bikora imyitozo yo guhindura umusaruro no gukoresha ingufu.Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli yihatiye kuba ku isonga mu nganda, ariko inzira zitandukanye z’amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli inzira yo guhindura imyuka ya karubone iratandukanye: Amasosiyete y’i Burayi aratera imbere cyane ingufu z’umuyaga wo mu nyanja, fotokolta, hydrogène n’izindi mbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa, mu gihe amasosiyete yo muri Amerika yiyongera. imiterere yo gufata karubone no kubika (CCS) hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji ya karubone, n'inzira zitandukanye amaherezo zizahinduka mubuzima nimbaraga zo guhindura karubone nkeya.Kuva mu 2022, amasosiyete akomeye ya peteroli mpuzamahanga yafashe gahunda nshya ashingiye ku kwiyongera gukabije kw’umubare w’ubucuruzi buke bwa karubone ndetse n’imishinga ishora imari mu mwaka ushize.
Gutezimbere ingufu za hydrogen byabaye ubwumvikane bwamasosiyete akomeye ya peteroli mpuzamahanga.
Nibice byingenzi kandi bigoye byo guhindura ingufu zubwikorezi, kandi lisansi itwara kandi isukuye ya karubone iba urufunguzo rwo guhindura ingufu.Nintangiriro yingenzi yo guhindura ubwikorezi, ingufu za hydrogen zihabwa agaciro cyane namasosiyete mpuzamahanga ya peteroli.
Muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, Total Energy yatangaje ko izafatanya n’amasosiyete azwi cyane y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa ku isi Masdar na Siemens Energy Company mu guteza imbere no gukora uruganda rwerekana hydrogène y’icyatsi kibisi cy’amavuta y’indege irambye muri Abu Dhabi, no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwa hydrogène y’icyatsi nka lisansi ikenewe ya decarbonisation mugihe kizaza.Muri Werurwe, Total Energy yasinyanye amasezerano na Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. yo gufatanya guteza imbere uburyo bwo gutwara abantu ku bidukikije ku makamyo aremereye akoreshwa na hydrogène, no guteza imbere decarbonisation y’ubwikorezi bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu bihugu by’Uburayi.Isosiyete irateganya gukora sitasiyo ya hydrogène igera kuri 150 mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye mu Budage, Ubuholandi, Ububiligi, Luxembourg n'Ubufaransa mu 2030.
Pan Yanlei, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Total Energy, yavuze ko iyi sosiyete yiteguye guteza imbere hydrogène y’icyatsi ku rugero runini, kandi inama y’ubuyobozi yiteguye gukoresha amafaranga y’isosiyete kugira ngo yihutishe ingamba z’icyatsi kibisi.Ariko, urebye ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi, intego yibanze ntabwo izaba i Burayi.
Bp yagiranye amasezerano na Oman yo kongera ishoramari rikomeye muri Oman, guhinga inganda nshya n’impano za tekiniki, guhuza ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu na hydrogène y’icyatsi kibisi hashingiwe ku bucuruzi bwa gaze gasanzwe, no guteza imbere intego y’ingufu za karuboni nkeya.Bp izubaka kandi umujyi wa hydrogène wo mu mujyi wa Aberdeen, muri otcosse, kandi wubake umusaruro mwinshi wa hydrogène w’icyatsi, kubika no gukwirakwiza mu byiciro bitatu.
Umushinga munini wa hydrogène wicyatsi wa Shell washyizwe mubikorwa mubushinwa.Uyu mushinga ufite kimwe mu bikoresho binini bitanga hydrogène biva mu mazi ya electrolyze ku isi, bitanga hydrogène y'icyatsi ku binyabiziga bitanga ingufu za hydrogène mu gice cya Zhangjiakou mu gihe cy'imikino Olempike yabereye i Beijing mu 2022.Shell yatangaje ubufatanye na GTT Ubufaransa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya rishobora kumenya ubwikorezi bwa hydrogène y’amazi, harimo n’ibishushanyo mbonera by’abatwara hydrogen.Muri gahunda yo guhindura ingufu, icyifuzo cya hydrogène kiziyongera, kandi inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa zigomba kumenya uburyo bunini bwo gutwara hydrogène y’amazi, ibyo bikaba bifasha ishyirwaho ry’urunani rutanga ingufu za hydrogène.
Muri Amerika, Chevron na Iwatani batangaje amasezerano yo guteza imbere no kubaka sitasiyo 30 ya hydrogène muri Californiya mu 2026. ExxonMobil irateganya kubaka uruganda rwa hydrogène yubururu mu ruganda rwa Baytown rutunganya inganda n’imiti muri Texas, kandi icyarimwe rukubaka imwe muri zo imishinga minini ya CCS kwisi.
Ikigo cy’igihugu cya peteroli cya Arabiya Sawudite na Tayilande (PTT) gifatanya mu guteza imbere hydrogène y’ubururu n’imirima ya hydrogène y’icyatsi no kurushaho guteza imbere indi mishinga y’ingufu zisukuye.
Amasosiyete akomeye ya peteroli mpuzamahanga yihutishije iterambere ry’ingufu za hydrogène, azamura ingufu za hydrogène kugira ngo zibe urwego rukomeye mu nzira yo guhindura ingufu, kandi zishobora kuzana icyiciro gishya cy’impinduramatwara.
Amasosiyete y’ibitoro y’iburayi yihutisha imiterere y’ingufu nshya
Amasosiyete y’ibitoro y’ibihugu by’i Burayi ashishikajwe no guteza imbere ingufu nshya nka hydrogène, Photovoltaque n’umuyaga.
Guverinoma ya Amerika yihaye intego yo kubaka ingufu z'umuyaga wa GW 30 mu 2030, ikurura abashoramari barimo ibihangange by’ingufu z’i Burayi kwitabira amasoko.Ingufu zose zatsindiye isoko ry'umushinga w'amashanyarazi wa GW 3 GW ku nkombe za New Jersey, kandi urateganya gutangira umusaruro mu 2028, kandi washyizeho umushinga uhuriweho wo guteza imbere ingufu z'umuyaga ureremba ku nyanja ku rugero runini muri Amerika.Bp yasinyanye amasezerano n’isosiyete ikora peteroli ya Noruveje yo guhindura Terminal y’amajyepfo ya Brooklyn i New York ikagira ikigo gikora no kwita ku nganda zikomoka ku muyaga wo mu nyanja.
Muri otcosse, ingufu zose zatsindiye uburenganzira bwo guteza imbere umushinga w'amashanyarazi akomoka ku muyaga ufite ingufu za GW 2, uzatezwa imbere hamwe na Green Investment Group (GIG) hamwe na Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG).Kandi bp EnBW yatsindiye kandi isoko ryumushinga wamashanyarazi yumuyaga uturuka kumurongo wiburasirazuba bwa Scotland.Ubushobozi buteganijwe gushyirwaho ni 2.9 GW, bihagije kugirango bitange amashanyarazi meza kumiryango irenga miliyoni 3.Bp irateganya kandi gukoresha imishinga ihuriweho n’ubucuruzi kugira ngo itange amashanyarazi meza aturuka mu mirima y’umuyaga wo mu nyanja ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi w’isosiyete muri Scotland.Iyi mishinga yombi ihuriweho na Shell Scottish Power Company nayo yabonye impushya ebyiri ziterambere zo gukora imishinga y’amashanyarazi areremba muri Scotland, ifite ubushobozi bwa 5 GW.
Muri Aziya, bp izafatanya na Marubeni, umuyapani uteza imbere umuyaga wo mu nyanja, kugira ngo yitabire amasoko y’imishinga y’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga mu Buyapani, kandi izashyiraho itsinda ry’iterambere ry’umuyaga mu karere ka Tokiyo.Shell izateza imbere umushinga wa 1.3 GW ureremba umuyaga w’umuyaga muri Koreya yepfo.Shell kandi yaguze Sprng Energy yo mu Buhinde ibinyujije mu isosiyete yayo ishora imari mu mahanga yose, ikaba ari imwe mu iterambere ryihuta cyane ry’umuyaga n’izuba rikoresha ingufu n’izuba mu Buhinde.Shell yavuze ko uku kugura kwinshi kwateje imbere kuba intangiriro yo guhindura ingufu zuzuye.
Muri Ositaraliya, Shell yatangaje ku ya 1 Gashyantare ko yarangije kugura umucuruzi w’ingufu za Ositarariya witwa Powershop, waguye ishoramari mu mutungo wa zeru-karubone ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rito muri Ositaraliya.Raporo y’igihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2022, Shell yaguze kandi imigabane ya 49% mu guteza imbere uruganda rw’umuyaga w’umuyaga witwa Zephyr Energy, kandi irateganya gushinga ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi make muri Ositaraliya.
Mu rwego rw'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, Total Energy yaguze SunPower, isosiyete y'Abanyamerika, miliyoni 250 z'amadolari y'Amerika yo kwagura ubucuruzi bwayo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi muri Amerika.Byongeye kandi, Total yashyizeho umushinga uhuriweho na Nippon Oil Company mu kwagura ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Aziya.
Lightsource bp, umushinga uhuriweho na BP, urizera ko uzarangiza umushinga wa GW nini nini ya GW nini mu 2026 binyuze mu ishami ryayo.Iyi sosiyete kandi izafatanya na Contact Energy, imwe mu mirimo minini ifasha abaturage muri Nouvelle-Zélande, ku mishinga myinshi y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Nouvelle-Zélande.
Intego Zeru Zeru Ziteza imbere CCUS / CCS Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga
Bitandukanye n’amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo mu Burayi, amasosiyete y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo muri Amerika akunda kwibanda ku gufata karubone, gukoresha no kubika (CCUS) ndetse no ku mbaraga zishobora kongera ingufu nk’izuba n’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga.
Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka, ExxonMobil yasezeranije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya carbone y’ubucuruzi bw’isi yose ikagera kuri zeru mu 2050, kandi irateganya gukoresha miliyari 15 z'amadolari mu ishoramari ryo guhindura ingufu z'icyatsi mu myaka itandatu iri imbere.Mu gihembwe cya mbere, ExxonMobil yageze ku cyemezo cya nyuma cy’ishoramari.Biteganijwe ko izashora miliyoni 400 USD mu kwagura ikigo cyayo cyo gufata karuboni i Labaki, muri Wyoming, kikaba kiziyongeraho toni miliyoni 1.2 ku bushobozi buri mwaka bwo gufata karuboni hafi toni miliyoni 7.
Chevron yashora imari muri Carbon Clean, isosiyete yibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rya CCUS, kandi ifatanya na Earth Restoration Foundation guteza imbere hegitari 8.800 z'ishyamba rya karuboni muri Louisiana nk'umushinga wambere wa offset ya carbone.Chevron yinjiye kandi muri Global Maritime Decarburization Centre (GCMD), kandi akorana cyane mu gihe kizaza cya tekinoroji yo gufata peteroli na karubone mu rwego rwo guteza imbere inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa kugira ngo zigere ku ntego zeru.Muri Gicurasi, Chevron yasinyanye amasezerano n’ubwumvikane na Tallas Energy Company kugira ngo hashyizweho umushinga uhuriweho wo guteza imbere ——Bayou Bend CCS, ikigo cya CCS kiri hanze ya Texas.
Vuba aha, Chevron na ExxonMobil basinyanye amasezerano n’isosiyete ikora peteroli ya Indoneziya (Pertamina) yo gucukumbura amahirwe y’ubucuruzi buke bwa karubone muri Indoneziya.
Igeragezwa rya 3D Inganda zose zerekana uburyo bushya bwo gufata dioxyde de carbone mubikorwa byinganda.Uyu mushinga muri Dunkirk ugamije kugenzura ibisubizo byikoranabuhanga byafashwe na karubone kandi ni intambwe yingenzi iganisha kuri decarbonisation.
CCUS ni bumwe mu buhanga bw'ingenzi bwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi ndetse n’igice cyingenzi mu gukemura ibibazo by’ikirere ku isi.Ibihugu byo kwisi yose bikoresha uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kugirango habeho amahirwe yo guteza imbere ubukungu bushya bwingufu.
Byongeye kandi, mu 2022, Ingufu zose nazo zashyize ingufu mu mavuta y’indege arambye (SAF), kandi urubuga rwayo rwa Normandy rwatangiye gukora neza SAF.Isosiyete kandi ikorana na Nippon Oil Company kugirango ikore SAF.
Nuburyo bwingenzi bwo guhindura karubone nkeya mugura amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ya peteroli, Total yongeyeho 4 GW yingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mugura Core Solar y'Abanyamerika.Chevron yatangaje ko izagura REG, itsinda ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, kuri miliyari 3.15 z'amadolari, bityo bikaba ari byo byifuzo byinshi ku zindi mbaraga kugeza ubu.
Ibihe bigoye by’amahanga n’ibihe by’ibyorezo ntibyabujije umuvuduko wo guhindura ingufu z’amasosiyete akomeye ya peteroli."World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" ivuga ko guhindura ingufu ku isi byateye imbere.Mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’umuryango, abanyamigabane, n’ibindi ndetse n’inyungu ziyongera ku ishoramari mu mbaraga nshya, ihinduka ry’ingufu z’amasosiyete akomeye ya peteroli mpuzamahanga riratera imbere mu gihe umutekano w’igihe kirekire w’ingufu n’ibikoresho fatizo bitangwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2022