Ibintu bigoye, nko kwiyongera kw'ingufu ku isi, ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya peteroli n'ibibazo by'ikirere, byatumye ibihugu byinshi bitangira gukora ihinduka ry'ingufu mu gukora no gukoresha ingufu. Ibigo mpuzamahanga bya peteroli byagiye biharanira kuba ku isonga mu nganda, ariko inzira zitandukanye z'ibigo bitandukanye bya peteroli zikoresha peteroli ziratandukanye: Ibigo by'i Burayi birimo guteza imbere cyane ingufu z'umuyaga, photovoltaic, hydrogen n'izindi ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa, mu gihe ibigo by'Abanyamerika birimo kongera imiterere y'ingufu zifata karubone (CCS) n'izindi koranabuhanga mbi za karubone, kandi inzira zitandukanye zizahinduka imbaraga n'ingufu zo guhindura karubone nke. Kuva mu 2022, ibigo mpuzamahanga bikomeye bya peteroli byafashe gahunda nshya hashingiwe ku kwiyongera gukomeye k'umubare w'ubucuruzi bukoresha karubone nke n'imishinga y'ishoramari mu mwaka ushize.
Guteza imbere ingufu za hydrogen byabaye ubwumvikane bw'ibigo bikomeye mpuzamahanga bicukura peteroli.
Ni ingenzi kandi bigoye mu guhindura ingufu mu gutwara abantu, kandi lisansi isukuye kandi idafite karuboni nyinshi iba ingenzi mu guhindura ingufu. Nk'intangiriro y'ingenzi mu guhindura ubwikorezi, ingufu za hydrogen zihabwa agaciro kanini n'ibigo mpuzamahanga bya peteroli.
Muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, Total Energy yatangaje ko izakorana n'ibigo bizwi ku isi bitanga ingufu zikomoka ku ngufu zisubiramo Masdar na Siemens Energy Company mu guteza imbere no gukora uruganda rutanga ingufu zikomoka ku ruhu rw’icyatsi kibisi rwa hydrogen kugira ngo rukore lisansi y’indege irambye i Abu Dhabi, no guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukoresha hydrogen ikomoka ku cyatsi kibisi nk'amavuta akenewe mu gihe kizaza. Muri Werurwe, Total Energy yasinye amasezerano na Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. yo guteza imbere gahunda yo gutwara ibidukikije ku makamyo aremereye akoresha hydrogen, no guteza imbere uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo mu mihanda mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Iyi sosiyete irateganya gukora sitasiyo zigera ku 150 zo kongeramo hydrogen mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye mu Budage, mu Buholandi, mu Bubiligi, muri Luxembourg no mu Bufaransa bitarenze umwaka wa 2030.
Pan Yanlei, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Total Energy, yavuze ko ikigo cyiteguye guteza imbere hydrogen ihumanya ikirere ku rwego runini, kandi inama y'ubuyobozi yiteguye gukoresha amafaranga yinjira muri sosiyete kugira ngo yihutishe ingamba za hydrogen ihumanya ikirere. Ariko, ukurikije ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi, iterambere ntirizaba i Burayi.
Bp yagiranye amasezerano na Oman yo kongera ishoramari rikomeye muri Oman, guteza imbere inganda nshya n'impano za tekiniki, guhuza ingufu zisubiramo na hydrogen ikomoka ku bimera hashingiwe ku bucuruzi bwa gaze karemano, no guteza imbere intego ya Oman yo gukoresha ingufu nke zikomoka ku bimera. Bp izubaka kandi ikigo cy'imijyi cya hydrogen i Aberdeen, muri Ecosse, kandi ikubake ikigo gishobora kwaguka cyo gukora, kubika no gukwirakwiza hydrogen ikomoka ku bimera mu byiciro bitatu.
Umushinga munini wa Shell wo gukora hydrogen ikomoka ku bidukikije washyizwe mu Bushinwa. Uyu mushinga ufite kimwe mu bikoresho binini cyane byo gukora hydrogen ikomoka ku mazi akoresha amashanyarazi ku isi, itanga hydrogen ikomoka ku bidukikije bya hydrogen mu ishami rya Zhangjiakou mu gihe cy'imikino Olempike ya Beijing yo mu gihe cy'itumba ya 2022. Shell yatangaje ubufatanye na GTT France kugira ngo bafatanye guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rishobora gutuma hydrogen itwarwa mu mazi, harimo no gushushanya mbere y'ingufu zitwara hydrogen. Mu gihe cyo guhindura ingufu, hydrogen ikenewe iziyongera, kandi inganda zitwara indege zigomba gukora ubucuruzi bunini bwa hydrogen ikomoka ku bidukikije, butuma habaho uburyo bwo guhanahana hydrogen.
Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Chevron na Iwatani batangaje amasezerano yo guteza imbere no kubaka sitasiyo 30 zo kongeramo lisansi ya hydrogen muri Kaliforuniya bitarenze umwaka wa 2026. ExxonMobil irateganya kubaka uruganda rw'ubururu rwa hydrogen muri Baytown Refining and Chemical Complex muri Texas, kandi icyarimwe bakubaka umwe mu mishinga minini ya CCS ku isi.
Arabiya Sawudite n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe peteroli cya Tayilande (PTT) bikora ubufatanye mu guteza imbere inganda za hydrogen n'icyatsi kibisi no guteza imbere indi mishinga y'ingufu zisukura.
Ibigo bikomeye mpuzamahanga bicukura peteroli byihutishije iterambere ry’ingufu za hydrogen, byateje imbere ingufu za hydrogen kugira ngo zibe ingenzi mu ihinduka ry’ingufu, kandi bishobora kuzana impinduka nshya mu bijyanye n’ingufu.
Ibigo by'ibikomoka kuri peteroli byo mu Burayi byihutisha imiterere y'ingufu nshya
Amasosiyete acuruza peteroli yo mu Burayi afite amatsiko yo guteza imbere amasoko mashya y’ingufu nka hydrogen, photovoltaic na wind power.
Guverinoma ya Amerika yihaye intego yo kubaka ingufu z’umuyaga za 30 GW mu mazi bitarenze 2030, bikurura abashoramari barimo n’ibigo bikomeye by’ingufu by’i Burayi kwitabira ipiganwa. Total Energy yatsindiye isoko ry’umushinga w’ingufu z’umuyaga za 3 GW ku nkombe ya New Jersey, kandi irateganya gutangira gukora mu 2028, kandi yashyizeho ubufatanye mu guteza imbere ingufu z’umuyaga zituruka mu mazi ku rwego runini muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Bp yasinye amasezerano na Kompanyi y’Igihugu ya Peteroli yo muri Noruveje yo guhindura Ikigo cy’Imari cya South Brooklyn i New York kikaba ikigo gishinzwe ibikorwa n’isukura ry’inganda z’ingufu z’umuyaga mu mazi.
Muri Ecosse, Total Energy yegukanye uburenganzira bwo guteza imbere umushinga w’ingufu z’umuyaga wo mu mazi ufite ubushobozi bwa 2 GW, uzakorwa hamwe na Green Investment Group (GIG) na Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). Kandi bp EnBW nayo yegukanye isoko ry’umushinga w’ingufu z’umuyaga wo mu mazi ku nkombe y’iburasirazuba bwa Ecosse. Ubushobozi buteganijwe gushyirwaho ni 2.9 GW, buhagije gutanga amashanyarazi meza ku miryango irenga miliyoni 3. Bp kandi irateganya gukoresha uburyo bw’ubucuruzi buhuriweho kugira ngo itange amashanyarazi meza aturuka mu mirima y’umuyaga yo mu mazi ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi w’isosiyete muri Ecosse. Imishinga ibiri ihuriweho na Shell Scottish Power Company nayo yabonye impushya ebyiri zo guteza imbere imishinga y’ingufu z’umuyaga zo mu mazi muri Ecosse, zifite ubushobozi bwa 5 GW.
Muri Aziya, bp izakorana na Marubeni, ikigo cy’Ubuyapani gishinzwe guteza imbere umuyaga wo mu mazi, kugira ngo kigire uruhare mu gupiganira imishinga y’ingufu z’umuyaga wo mu mazi mu Buyapani, kandi kizashyiraho itsinda ryo mu gace k’iwabo rishinzwe iterambere ry’umuyaga wo mu mazi mu mujyi wa Tokyo. Shell izamamaza umushinga w’ingufu z’umuyaga wo mu mazi wa 1.3 GW muri Koreya y’Epfo. Shell yanaguze Springng Energy yo mu Buhinde binyuze mu kigo cyayo cy’ishoramari cyo mu mahanga gifite imigabane yose, kikaba ari kimwe mu bigo bikura vuba mu guteza imbere ingufu z’umuyaga n’izuba mu Buhinde. Shell yavuze ko iri gurishwa rikomeye ryayiteje imbere kugira ngo ibe imbanzi mu guhindura ingufu mu buryo bwuzuye.
Muri Ositaraliya, Shell yatangaje ku ya 1 Gashyantare ko yarangije kugura ikigo gicuruza ingufu muri Ositaraliya cyitwa Powershop, cyaguze ishoramari ryacyo mu ikoranabuhanga rya zero-carbone na low-carbone muri Ositaraliya. Nk’uko raporo y’igihembwe cya mbere cya 2022 ibigaragaza, Shell yanaguze imigabane ingana na 49% mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi gikoresha umuyaga muri Ositaraliya cyitwa Zephyr Energy, kandi irateganya gushinga ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi akoresha low-carbone muri Ositaraliya.
Mu bijyanye n’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, Total Energy yaguze SunPower, ikigo cy’Abanyamerika, ku madolari y’Amerika miliyoni 250 kugira ngo yongere ubucuruzi bwayo bwo gutanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Byongeye kandi, Total yashinze ubufatanye na Nippon Oil Company kugira ngo yongere ubucuruzi bwayo bwo gutanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba muri Aziya.
Lightsource bp, ikigo gihuriweho na BP, cyizeye kurangiza umushinga munini w’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba wa 1 GW mu Bufaransa bitarenze umwaka wa 2026 binyuze mu ishami ryayo. Iyi sosiyete izakorana kandi na Contact Energy, imwe mu masosiyete manini ya leta muri Nouvelle-Zélande, mu mishinga myinshi y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba muri Nouvelle-Zélande.
Intego ya Zero Ituma Iterambere ry'Ikoranabuhanga rya CCUS/CCS
Bitandukanye n’amasosiyete acuruza peteroli yo mu Burayi, amasosiyete acuruza peteroli yo muri Amerika akunze kwibanda ku gufata, gukoresha no kubika karubone (CCUS) aho kwibanda ku ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa nko gukoresha imirasire y’izuba n’ingufu zikoreshwa n’umuyaga.
Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, ExxonMobil yasezeranyije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere mu bucuruzi bwayo ku isi kugeza kuri zeru bitarenze umwaka wa 2050, kandi irateganya gukoresha miliyari 15 z'amadolari mu ishoramari ryo guhindura ingufu zihumanya ikirere mu myaka itandatu iri imbere. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, ExxonMobil yafashe icyemezo cya nyuma cy'ishoramari. Biteganyijwe ko izashora imari miliyoni 400 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu kwagura ikigo cyayo cyo gufata karubone kiri i Labaki, muri Wyoming, kizongeraho andi toni miliyoni 1.2 ku bushobozi bwo gufata karubone buri mwaka bungana na toni hafi miliyoni 7.
Chevron yashoye imari muri Carbon Clean, ikigo cyibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rya CCUS, ndetse inakorana n'Ikigo cya Earth Restoration Foundation mu guteza imbere hegitari 8.800 z'ishyamba rya karuboni muri Louisiana nk'umushinga wayo wa mbere wo kugabanya karuboni. Chevron yinjiye kandi mu Kigo Mpuzamahanga cyo Gukuraho Karuboni mu Nyanja (GCMD), kandi yakoranye bya hafi mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata lisansi na karuboni mu gihe kizaza kugira ngo iteze imbere inganda z'ubwikorezi kugira ngo igere ku ntego ntarengwa. Muri Gicurasi, Chevron yasinye amasezerano y'ubufatanye na Tallas Energy Company kugira ngo bashyireho umushinga wo guteza imbere ——Bayou Bend CCS, ikigo cya CCS cyo mu nyanja muri Texas.
Vuba aha, Chevron na ExxonMobil bagiranye amasezerano na sosiyete y’igihugu ya peteroli yo muri Indoneziya (Pertamina) yo gushakisha amahirwe y’ubucuruzi bukoresha karubone nke muri Indoneziya.
Igerageza rya Total Energy mu nganda rya 3D ryerekana inzira nshya yo gufata dioxyde de carbone mu bikorwa by'inganda. Uyu mushinga wo muri Dunkirk ugamije kugenzura uburyo bwo gufata karubone ishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi ni intambwe ikomeye mu gukuraho karubone.
CCUS ni imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi, ikaba n'igice cy'ingenzi mu bisubizo by'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi. Ibihugu hirya no hino ku isi bikoresha ubu buryo bushya mu guhanga amahirwe yo guteza imbere ubukungu bushya bw'ingufu.
Byongeye kandi, mu 2022, Total Energy yashyize imbaraga mu bijyanye na lisansi irambye y’indege (SAF), kandi urubuga rwayo rwa Normandy rwatangiye gukora SAF neza. Iyi sosiyete kandi ikorana na Nippon Oil Company mu gukora SAF.
Nk'uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo guhindura ingufu nke zikomoka kuri peteroli binyuze mu kugura amasosiyete mpuzamahanga ya peteroli, Total yongereyeho 4 GW z'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa binyuze mu kugura American Core Solar. Chevron yatangaje ko igiye kugura REG, itsinda ry'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ku giciro cya miliyari 3.15 z'amadolari, bigatuma iba isoko rikomeye ku ngufu zisimbura izindi kugeza ubu.
Imiterere y’ibibazo mpuzamahanga n’icyorezo ntibyabujije umuvuduko w’impinduka mu by’ingufu mu bigo mpuzamahanga bikomeye bitanga peteroli. "World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" ivuga ko impinduka mu by’ingufu ku isi zateye imbere. Bitewe n’impungenge z’umuryango, abanyamigabane, n’abandi ndetse n’inyungu nyinshi ku ishoramari mu ngufu nshya, impinduka mu by’ingufu mu bigo mpuzamahanga bikomeye bitanga peteroli zigenda zitera imbere mu buryo buhoraho, ariko kandi zigatanga umutekano w’igihe kirekire w’ingufu n’ibikoresho fatizo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2022