Isoko rya sisitemu yo hejuru ku isi riteganijwe kuzamuka cyane mu gihe giteganijwe bitewe n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ziyongera ndetse n’ibikenerwa na peteroli.Bakoreshwa mugucukura ibyuma kubera ubufasha bwabo mukugenda guhagaritse derricks.Ikoreshwa mu koroshya inzira yo gucukura borehole kuko itanga urumuri kumurongo wimyitozo, hamwe no koroshya inzira.Sisitemu yo hejuru yo hejuru ni ubwoko bubiri, aribwo hydraulic n'amashanyarazi.Isoko rya sisitemu yo hejuru ya sisitemu ifite imigabane myinshi yisoko ryose bitewe numutekano mwiza nibiranga kwizerwa.Ibintu bitera isoko ya sisitemu yo hejuru ni ukongera ibikorwa byubushakashatsi nibikorwa, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, kuzamuka kwingufu zikenewe mubukungu bugenda bwiyongera hamwe n’umutekano hamwe n’inyungu z’ubucuruzi n’ubuhanga zitangwa na bo.
Isoko ryo hejuru ya sisitemu yisoko riteganijwe kurushaho kubona iterambere ryinshi bitewe no gusimbuza ameza azenguruka bitewe nibice birebire byo gucukura.Mugihe ameza azenguruka afite ibikoresho bisanzwe bishobora gucukura ibice 30, sisitemu yo hejuru ya disiki ifite ibikoresho birashobora gucukura metero 60 kugeza kuri 90 zumuyoboro wogucukura, bitewe nubwoko bwicyuma.Iragabanya amahirwe yo gucukura imiyoboro ikora imiyoboro hamwe na wellbore itanga ibice birebire.Gukora neza nibindi byiza bifitanye isano nayo.Mugihe imbonerahamwe yimbonerahamwe isaba gukuramo umugozi wose kuriba, sisitemu yo hejuru yo hejuru ntabwo ikeneye imikorere nkiyi.Uburyo bwabwo butuma igihe kigabanuka, bityo bigatuma gikundwa cyane bigatuma abantu benshi bemerwa.
Isoko rya sisitemu yo hejuru irashobora kugabanywa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwibicuruzwa bitewe nibice bikoreshwa birimo amashanyarazi na hydraulic.Isoko rya hydraulic rifite imigabane igereranije ugereranije na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.Ibi biterwa na zeru zangiza zeru bitewe no kudakoresha amazi ya hydraulic.Ukurikije porogaramu, isoko ya sisitemu yo hejuru irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri harimo no gucukura no ku nkombe.Ubucukuzi bwa Onshore bwiganje ku isoko rya sisitemu yo hejuru ya sisitemu yo hejuru kubera umubare munini wimirima yo ku nkombe ugereranije nimishinga yo hanze.Uruganda rwa offshore rusaba ibikoresho byateye imbere kandi byuzuye kugirango bishoboke cyane.Byongeye kandi, ibyo bikoresho birimo ibintu byinshi bigoye kandi bisabwa na serivisi, ugereranije n’ibicuruzwa byo ku nkombe.Biteganijwe ko umugabane w’isoko ryo gucukura ku nyanja uzamuka mu gihe giteganijwe bitewe n’umubare munini w’ibigega bigaragara mu nyanja ndende.
Ukurikije geografiya, isoko rya sisitemu yo hejuru irashobora kugabanywa muri Aziya ya pasifika, Uburayi, Amerika ya ruguru, Amerika y'Epfo, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Afurika.Amerika ya ruguru yagize uruhare runini ku isoko rya sisitemu yo hejuru ya sisitemu bitewe n’umubare munini w’umusaruro mu turere twa Amerika na Mexico.Uburayi bwakurikiye Amerika ya ruguru kubera ko Uburusiya ari umwitozo ukomeye wa peteroli na gaze, bifite uruhare runini ku isoko ry’Uburayi.Koweti, Arabiya Sawudite na Irani nibyo bihugu bikomeye byateje imbere isoko rya sisitemu yo kuzamura isoko mu burasirazuba bwo hagati bitewe n’umubare munini w’ibikorwa byo ku butaka ku karere.Mu gihe, muri Afurika, Nijeriya ari igihugu cy’ingenzi bitewe n’ibikorwa byo gucukura kimwe, muri Amerika y'Epfo, Venezuwela ifite imishinga myinshi y'ubushakashatsi.Indoneziya, Maleziya, Singapuru, Vietnam na Brunei bifite imigabane myinshi mu karere ka Aziya ya pasifika.Icyakora, biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa buzavamo isoko rikomeye mu gihe cyateganijwe, kubera ko peteroli ishobora kugaragara mu nyanja y’Ubushinwa.
Abakinnyi b'ingenzi bagize uruhare mu isoko rya sisitemu yo hejuru ya sisitemu harimo Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zikomoka kuri peteroli ya Varco, Isosiyete mpuzamahanga ya Kameron, Canrig Drilling Technology Limited, Axon Energy Products na Tesco Corporation.Abandi bakinnyi barimo Kanada ikorera muri Warrior Manufacturing Service Limited hamwe nitsinda ryambere;Isosiyete yo muri Noruveje Aker Solutions AS, isosiyete yo mu Budage Bentec GMBH Drilling & Oilfield Systems, na sosiyete y'Abashinwa Honghua Group Ltd.
Muri ibyo, National Oilwell Varco ni isosiyete mpuzamahanga ifite icyicaro i Houston, muri Texas, ikaba ikenera sisitemu yo hejuru yo ku nkombe ndetse no hanze.Mu gihe, Honghua Group Ltd, ifite icyicaro i Chengdu, muri Sichua, ifite ubuhanga haba mu bucukuzi bwo ku butaka ndetse no ku nyanja kandi bugira uruhare mu gutegura no gukora sisitemu zo hejuru.Itsinda rya mbere rikora sisitemu yo hejuru ya sisitemu munsi yubucuruzi bugendanwa.Isosiyete itanga amashanyarazi yibanze na sisitemu yuzuye yo gutwara isoko.Sisitemu ya hydraulic na mashanyarazi yo hejuru yateguwe kandi ikorwa na Foremost ikwiranye na toni 100, 150 na 300 zubushobozi bwapimwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-27-2023